Coronavirus disease COVID-19

The rise of COVID-19 has caused immeasurable loss tompublic health globally. The world has faced a severe shortage of the goldstandard testing kit known as RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction). The accuracy of RT-PCR is not 100%, and it takes a few hours to deliver the test results. An additional testing solution to RT-PCR would be beneficial. Deep learning’s superiority in image processing is characterized as the most effective COVID-19 diagnosis based on images. The small number of COVID-19 X-ray images in existing deeplearning methods for COVID-19 diagnosis may degrade the performance of deep-learning methods for new sets of images. Our priority for this research is to test and compare different deep-learning algorithms on a dataset consisting of many COVID-19 X-ray images. Methods: We have merged the publicly available image data into two groups (COVID and Normal). Our dataset contains 579 COVID-19 cases and 1773 Normal cases of X-ray images. We have used 145 COVID-19 cases and 150 Normal cases to test the deep-learning models. Deep learning models based on CNN, VGG16 and 19, and InceptionV3 have been considered for prediction. The performance of these models is compared based on measurements of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. In the deep-learning models, the SoftMax activation function is used along with the Adam optimiser and categorical cross-entropy loss. A customised hybrid CNN model found in literature is considered and compared to explore how the inclusion of many COVID-19 X-ray images could impact the model’s performance. Read Less